NEW WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION CHIEF INVOLVED IN POPULATION CONTROL VACCINE SCANDAL. by LifeSiteNews.com. Thu Jan 30, 2003 12:15 EST; Comments (0) ...
Excerpt:
- Thu Jan 30, 2003 12:15 EST
http://www.clintonfoundation.org/explore-our-work/#
http://vaccineresistancemovement.org/?p=329
Excerpt:
VRM: Dr. Andrew Wakefield Being Crucified By Big Pharma
16th February 2010 - By Joel Lord
See what happens to doctors with real integrity who challenge the Medical Mafia? The equivalent of a public lynching.
Dr. Andrew Wakefield, an outspoken critic of vaccines noted for his groundbreaking 1998 study published in British Medical Journal ‘The Lancet’ linking autism to the Measles, Mumps, Rubella shot has suddenly been rebuked by the same paper.
The timing of this reversal is crucial as more & more parents of vaccine damaged children in Britain & around the world are organizing lawsuits against Big Pharma.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMR_vaccine_controversy
Excerpt:
Wakefield Lancet paper controversy
The controversy began to gain momentum in 2001 and 2002, after Wakefield published papers which suggested that the immunisation programme was not safe. These were a review paper with no new evidence, published in a minor journal, and two papers on laboratory work which he claimed showed that measles virus had been found in tissue samples taken from children who had autism and bowel problems. There was wide media coverage including distressing anecdotal evidence from parents, and political coverage attacking the health service and government peaked with unmet demands that Prime minister Tony Blair reveal whether his infant son Leo had been given the vaccine. It was the biggest science story of 2002, with 1257 articles mostly written by non-expert commentators. In the period January to September 2002, 32% of the stories written about MMR mentioned Leo Blair, as opposed to only 25% which mentioned Wakefield. Less than a third of the stories mentioned the overwhelming evidence that MMR is safe.[13] The paper, press conference and video sparked a major health scare in the United Kingdom. As a result of the scare, full confidence in MMR fell from 59% to 41% after publication of the Wakefield research. In 2001, 26% of family doctors felt the government had failed to prove there was no link between MMR and autism and bowel disease.[45] In his book Bad Science,[46] Ben Goldacre describes the MMR vaccine scare as one of the "three all-time classic bogus science stories" by the British newspapers (the other two are the Arpad Pusztai affair about genetically modified crops, and Chris Malyszewicz and the MRSA hoax).
http://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/index.html
Excerpt:(MRSA) is a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics called beta-lactams. These antibiotics include methicillin and other more common antibiotics such as oxacillin, penicillin, and amoxicillin. In the community, most MRSA infections are skin infections.
For more information, see Definition of MRSA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusztai_affair
Excerpt:
The Pusztai affair is a controversy that began in 1998 after protein scientist Arpad Pusztai went public with research he was conducting with genetically modified potatoes. In a short interview he reported that rats fed potatoes engineered to express a plant lectin had stunted growth and a repressed immune system. This resulted in a media frenzy and Pusztai was suspended. Despite opposition from the Royal Society, the data was published in the academic journal The Lancet in October 1999.
http://www.gmfreecymru.org/news/Press_Notice16Feb2007.htm
Excerpt:
The potatoes used in the study were Monsanto GM NewLeaf potatoes bred in 1995 from the Russet Burbank variety to be resistant to the Colorado Beetle. The GM event was registered as 082, and the potatoes are included in the Bt group of GM crops. They also contain an antibiotic resistance marker gene (3). The potatoes were deregulated in the USA in 1998, without any feeding studies being required. Another line was deregulated in 1999. Even earlier, in 1996, Monsanto started to introduce the potatoes into Russia and Georgia, and probably into many other countries with lax approval regimes as well (4). For some reason (probably to assist in the consent process) Monsanto co-operated in some feeding studies involving rats from the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Something "inconvenient" showed up in these feeding studies, but the Institute refused to release all the information into the public domain and in 1999 the researchers presented a "doctored" version of their Report in support of Monsanto's application for Russian commercialization. The consent was duly given in 2000 by the Russian regulators on the basis of this corrupt piece of science.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowett_Research_Institute
Excerpt:
History
The institute was founded in 1913 when the University of Aberdeen and the North of Scotland College of Agriculture agreed that an "Institute for Research into Animal Nutrition" should be established in Scotland. The first director was John Boyd Orr, later to become Lord Boyd Orr, who moved from Glasgow to "the wilds of Aberdeenshire" in 1914. Orr drew up some plans for a nutrition research institute. Orr also donated £5000 which for the building of a granite laboratory building at Craibstone, not far from the present site of the Rowett.
At the breakout of the Great War, Orr left the Institute, but returned in 1919 with a staff of four to begin work in the new laboratory. Orr continued to push for a new research institute and finally the Government agreed to pay half the costs but stipulated that the other half was to be found from other sources. The extra money was donated by Dr John Quiller Rowett, a businessman and director of a wine and spirits merchants in London.
Rowett's donation allowed the purchase of 41 acres of land for the Institute to be built on. Rowett also contributed £10,000 towards the cost of the buildings. The money was donated with one very important stipulation from Rowett — "if any work done at the Institute on animal nutrition were found to have a bearing on human nutrition, the Institute would be allowed to follow up this work." The Institute was formally opened in 1922 by Queen Mary.
On 1 July 2008 the Institute merged with the University of Aberdeen to become the Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, College of Life Sciences and Medicine.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_chorionic_gonadotropin
Excerpt:
Human chorionic gonadotropin or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone produced during pregnancy that is made by the developing embryo after conception and later by the syncytiotrophoblast (part of the placenta).[1][2] but it is not known whether this production is a contributing cause or an effect of tumorigenesis. hCG is also produced in the pituitary gland of males and females of all ages.[1][3]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumorigenesis (The following came up when I did search.....) ...cal
Excerpt:
Carcinogenesis or oncogenesis is literally the creation of cancer. It is a process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. It is characterized by a progression of changes on cellular and genetic level that ultimately reprogram a cell to undergo uncontrolled cell division, thus forming a malignant mass.
http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/mrsa-scandal-679263.html
Excerpt:
MRSA Infection Threatens Us
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6bbWpyT9jg
http://www.thinktwice.com/birthcon.htm
Excerpt:
Excerpt:
Reproductive Health Matters © 1995 Reproductive Health Matters
http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/crops/23.genetically_modified_potato.html
Excerpt:
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/45455416/Dr-LEE-Jong-wook-Memorial-Prize-for-Public-Health--statutes
Dr. Andrew Wakefield, an outspoken critic of vaccines noted for his groundbreaking 1998 study published in British Medical Journal ‘The Lancet’ linking autism to the Measles, Mumps, Rubella shot has suddenly been rebuked by the same paper.
The timing of this reversal is crucial as more & more parents of vaccine damaged children in Britain & around the world are organizing lawsuits against Big Pharma.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMR_vaccine_controversy
Excerpt:
Wakefield Lancet paper controversy
The controversy began to gain momentum in 2001 and 2002, after Wakefield published papers which suggested that the immunisation programme was not safe. These were a review paper with no new evidence, published in a minor journal, and two papers on laboratory work which he claimed showed that measles virus had been found in tissue samples taken from children who had autism and bowel problems. There was wide media coverage including distressing anecdotal evidence from parents, and political coverage attacking the health service and government peaked with unmet demands that Prime minister Tony Blair reveal whether his infant son Leo had been given the vaccine. It was the biggest science story of 2002, with 1257 articles mostly written by non-expert commentators. In the period January to September 2002, 32% of the stories written about MMR mentioned Leo Blair, as opposed to only 25% which mentioned Wakefield. Less than a third of the stories mentioned the overwhelming evidence that MMR is safe.[13] The paper, press conference and video sparked a major health scare in the United Kingdom. As a result of the scare, full confidence in MMR fell from 59% to 41% after publication of the Wakefield research. In 2001, 26% of family doctors felt the government had failed to prove there was no link between MMR and autism and bowel disease.[45] In his book Bad Science,[46] Ben Goldacre describes the MMR vaccine scare as one of the "three all-time classic bogus science stories" by the British newspapers (the other two are the Arpad Pusztai affair about genetically modified crops, and Chris Malyszewicz and the MRSA hoax).
http://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/index.html
Excerpt:(MRSA) is a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics called beta-lactams. These antibiotics include methicillin and other more common antibiotics such as oxacillin, penicillin, and amoxicillin. In the community, most MRSA infections are skin infections.
For more information, see Definition of MRSA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusztai_affair
Excerpt:
The Pusztai affair is a controversy that began in 1998 after protein scientist Arpad Pusztai went public with research he was conducting with genetically modified potatoes. In a short interview he reported that rats fed potatoes engineered to express a plant lectin had stunted growth and a repressed immune system. This resulted in a media frenzy and Pusztai was suspended. Despite opposition from the Royal Society, the data was published in the academic journal The Lancet in October 1999.
http://www.gmfreecymru.org/news/Press_Notice16Feb2007.htm
Excerpt:
SECRET MONSANTO GM POTATO STUDY SUPPRESSED FOR 8 YEARS
GM Potatoes are "unfit for human consumption"
Press Notice from GM Free Cymru. 16th February 2007
A secret feeding study of Monsanto GM potatoes, conducted in 1998 by the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and suppressed for 8 years, showed that the potatoes did considerable damage to the organs of the rats in the study (1) (2). In comparison the rats in the "control groups" which were fed on normal potatoes or on a non-potato diet were healthier, and had much less organ and tissue damage. This research, fully supported by Monsanto through the provision of the GM potatoes, was conducted at approximately the same time as Arpad Pusztai's research in the Rowett Institute.The potatoes used in the study were Monsanto GM NewLeaf potatoes bred in 1995 from the Russet Burbank variety to be resistant to the Colorado Beetle. The GM event was registered as 082, and the potatoes are included in the Bt group of GM crops. They also contain an antibiotic resistance marker gene (3). The potatoes were deregulated in the USA in 1998, without any feeding studies being required. Another line was deregulated in 1999. Even earlier, in 1996, Monsanto started to introduce the potatoes into Russia and Georgia, and probably into many other countries with lax approval regimes as well (4). For some reason (probably to assist in the consent process) Monsanto co-operated in some feeding studies involving rats from the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Something "inconvenient" showed up in these feeding studies, but the Institute refused to release all the information into the public domain and in 1999 the researchers presented a "doctored" version of their Report in support of Monsanto's application for Russian commercialization. The consent was duly given in 2000 by the Russian regulators on the basis of this corrupt piece of science.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowett_Research_Institute
Excerpt:
History
The institute was founded in 1913 when the University of Aberdeen and the North of Scotland College of Agriculture agreed that an "Institute for Research into Animal Nutrition" should be established in Scotland. The first director was John Boyd Orr, later to become Lord Boyd Orr, who moved from Glasgow to "the wilds of Aberdeenshire" in 1914. Orr drew up some plans for a nutrition research institute. Orr also donated £5000 which for the building of a granite laboratory building at Craibstone, not far from the present site of the Rowett.
At the breakout of the Great War, Orr left the Institute, but returned in 1919 with a staff of four to begin work in the new laboratory. Orr continued to push for a new research institute and finally the Government agreed to pay half the costs but stipulated that the other half was to be found from other sources. The extra money was donated by Dr John Quiller Rowett, a businessman and director of a wine and spirits merchants in London.
Rowett's donation allowed the purchase of 41 acres of land for the Institute to be built on. Rowett also contributed £10,000 towards the cost of the buildings. The money was donated with one very important stipulation from Rowett — "if any work done at the Institute on animal nutrition were found to have a bearing on human nutrition, the Institute would be allowed to follow up this work." The Institute was formally opened in 1922 by Queen Mary.
On 1 July 2008 the Institute merged with the University of Aberdeen to become the Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, College of Life Sciences and Medicine.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_chorionic_gonadotropin
Excerpt:
Human chorionic gonadotropin or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone produced during pregnancy that is made by the developing embryo after conception and later by the syncytiotrophoblast (part of the placenta).[1][2] but it is not known whether this production is a contributing cause or an effect of tumorigenesis. hCG is also produced in the pituitary gland of males and females of all ages.[1][3]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumorigenesis (The following came up when I did search.....) ...cal
Excerpt:
Carcinogenesis or oncogenesis is literally the creation of cancer. It is a process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. It is characterized by a progression of changes on cellular and genetic level that ultimately reprogram a cell to undergo uncontrolled cell division, thus forming a malignant mass.
http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/mrsa-scandal-679263.html
Excerpt:
Every year 5,000 patients in hospitals in Britain die from an infection acquired after they were admitted.
Up to 100,000 more - almost one in 10 in-patients - endure extended illness, pain and suffering caused by bugs they contract in the place where they came for a cure.
The number of deaths exceeds that from road accidents, and that from drugs and HIV/Aids combined. Our rate of infection is among the highest in the world, above that of Australia, Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands and Spain. It costs the NHS more than £1bn a year.
Today, the Government will launch its latest crackdown on poor hygiene to cut the rate of hospital infections, of which the worst is MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Lord Warner, a health minister, will launch a guide for hospitals, setting out how every part of the institutional environment should be cleaned. Hospitals are to be ranked in a league table on food standards and cleanliness.
MRSA Infection Threatens Us
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6bbWpyT9jg
http://www.thinktwice.com/birthcon.htm
Excerpt:
Are New Vaccines
Laced with Birth-Control Drugs?
Laced with Birth-Control Drugs?
http://www.jstor.org/pss/3775648
During the early 1990s, the World Health Organization (WHO) had been overseeing massive vaccination campaigns against tetanus in a number of countries, among them Nicaragua, Mexico, and the Philippines. In October 1994, HLI received a communication from its Mexican affiliate, the Comite' Pro Vida de Mexico, regarding that country's anti-tetanus campaign. Suspicious of the campaign protocols, the Comite' obtained several vials of the vaccine and had them analyzed by chemists. Some of the vials were found to contain human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), a naturally occurring hormone essential for maintaining a pregnancy.hCG and Anti-hCG Antibodies
In nature the hCG hormone alerts the woman's body that she is pregnant and causes the release of other hormones to prepare the uterine lining for the implantation of the fertilized egg. The rapid rise in hCG levels after conception makes it an excellent marker for confirmation of pregnancy: when a woman takes a pregnancy test she is not tested for the pregnancy itself, but for the elevated presence of hCG.
However, when introduced into the body coupled with a tetanus toxoid carrier, antibodies will be formed not only against tetanus but also against hCG. In this case the body fails to recognize hCG as a friend and will produce anti-hCG antibodies. The antibodies will attack subsequent pregnancies by killing the hCG which naturally sustains a pregnancy; when a woman has sufficient anti-hCG antibodies in her system, she is rendered incapable of maintaining a pregnancy.(1)
HLI reported the sketchy facts regarding the Mexican tetanus vaccines to its World Council members and affiliates in more than 60 countries.(2) Soon additional reports of vaccines laced with hCG hormones began to drift in from the Philippines, where more than 3.4 million women were recently vaccinated. Similar reports came from Nicaragua, which had conducted its own vaccination campaign in 1993.
The Known Facts
Here are the known facts concerning the tetanus vaccination campaigns in Mexico and the Philippines:
* Only women are vaccinated, and only the women between the ages of 15 and 45. (In Nicaragua the age range was 12-49.) But aren't men at least as likely as young women to come into contact with tetanus? And what of the children? Why are they excluded?
* Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) hormone has been found in the vaccines. It does not belong there -- in the parlance of the O.J. Simpson murder trial, the vaccine has been "contaminated."
* The vaccination protocols call for multiple injections -- three within three months and a total of five altogether. But, since tetanus vaccinations provide protection for ten years or more, why are multiple inoculations called for?(3)
* WHO has been actively involved for more than 20 years in the development of an anti-fertility vaccine utilizing hCG tied to tetanus toxoid as a carrier -- the exact same coupling as has been found in the Mexican-Philippine-Nicaragua vaccines.(4)
The Anti-Fertility Gang
Allied with the WHO in the development of an anti-fertility vaccine (AFV) using hCG with tetanus and other carriers have been UNFPA, the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the World Bank, the Population Council, the Rockefeller Foundation, the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, and a number of universities, including Uppsala, Helsinki, and Ohio State.(5) The U.S. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (part of NIH) was the supplier of the hCG hormone in some of the AFV experiments.(6)
The WHO begain its "Special Programme" in human reproduction in 1972, and by 1993 had spent more than $356 million on "reproductive health" research.(7) It is this "Programme" which has pioneered the development of the abortificant vaccine. Over $90 million of this Programme's funds were contributed by Sweden; Great Britain donated more than $52 million, while Norway, Denmark and Germany kicked in for $41 million , $27 million, and $12 million, respectively. The U.S., thanks to the cut-off of such funding during the Reagan-Bush administrations, has contributed "only" $5.7 million, including a new payment in 1993 by the Clinton administration of $2.5 million. Other major contibutors to the WHO Programme include UNFPA, $61 million; the World Bank, $15.5 million; the Rockefeller Foundation, $2.5 million; the Ford Foundation, over $1 million; and the IDRC (International Research and Development Centre of Canada), $716.5 thousand.
WHO and Philippine Health Department Excuses
When the first reports surfaced in the Philippines of tetanus toxoid vaccine being laced with hCG hormones, the WHO and the Philippine Department of Health (DOH) immediately denied that the vaccine contained hCG. Confronted with the results of laboratory tests which detected its presence in three of the four vials of tetanus toxoid examined, the WHO and DOH scoffed at the evidence coming from "right-to-life and Catholic" sources. Four new vials of the tetanus vaccine were submitted by DOH to St. Luke's (Lutheran) Medical Center in Manila -- and all four vials tested positive for hCG!
From outright denial the stories now shifted to the allegedly "insignificant" quantity of the hCG present; the volume of hCG present is insufficient to produce anti-hCG antibodies.
But new tests designed to detect the presence of hCG antibodies in the blood sera of women vaccinated with the tetauns toxoid vaccine were undertaken by Philippine pro-life and Catholic groups. Of thirty women tested subsequent to receiving tetanus toxoid vaccine, twenty-six tested positive for high levels of anti-hCG! If there were no hCG in the vaccine, or if it were present in only "insignificant" quantities, why were the vaccinated women found to be harboring anti-hCG antibodies? The WHO and the DOH had no answers.
New arguments surfaced: hCG's apparent presence in the vaccine was due to "false positives" resulting from the particular substances mixed in the vaccine or in the chemicals testing for hCG. And even if hCG was really there, its presence derived from the manufacturing process.
But the finding of hCG antibodies in the blood sera of vaccinated women obviated the need to get bogged down in such debates. It was no longer necessary to argue about what may or may not have been the cause of the hCG presence, when one now had the effect of the hCG. There is no known way for the vaccinated women to have hCG antibodies in their blood unless hCG had been artificially introduced into their bodies!
Why A Tetanus Toxoid "Carrier"?
Because the human body does not attack its own naturally occurring hormone hCG, the body has to be fooled into treating hCG as an invading enemy in order to develop a successful anti-fertility vaccine utilizing hCG antibodies. A paper delivered at the 4th International Congress of Reproductive Immunology (Kiel, West Germany, 26-29 July 1989) spelled it out: "Linkage to a carrier was done to overcome the immunological tolerance to hCG."(8)
Vaccine Untested by Drug Bureau
After the vaccine controversy had reached a fever pitch, a new bombshell exploded; none of the three different brands of tetanus vaccine being used had ever been licensed for sale and distribution or registered with the Philippine Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFAD), as required by law. The head of the BFAD lamely explained that the companies distributing these brands "did not apply for registration."(9) The companies in question are Connaught Laboratories Ltd. and Intervex, both from Canada, and CSL Laboratories from Australia.
It seemed that the BFAD might belatedly require re-testing, but the idea was quickly rejected when the Secretary of Health declared that, since the vaccines had been certified by the WHO -- there they are again! -- there was assurance enough that the "vaccines come from reputable manufacturers."(10)
Just how "reputable" one of the manufacturers might be is open to some question. In the mid-`80s Connaught Laboratories was found to be knowingly distributing vials of AIDS-contaminated blood products.(11)
Epilogue
At this juncture, evidence is beginning to appear from Africa.(12) HLI has called for a Congressional investigation of the situation, inasmuch as nearly every agency involved in the development of an anti-fertility vaccine is funded, at least in part, with U.S. monies.
Excerpt:
Reproductive Health Matters © 1995 Reproductive Health Matters
Abstract
Tetanus is responsible for 550,000 neonatal deaths globally each year. Tetanus toxoid vaccines are provided through the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund for national immunisation programmes to prevent infant deaths from tetanus. The vaccines are manufactured and controlled under strict standards. Rumours have circulated recently in Mexico, Tanzania, Nicaragua and the Philippines that WHO and UNICEF are using women as guinea-pigs to test a contraceptive vaccine given to them under the guise of tetanus toxoid vaccine. These rumours, apparently initiated by so-called 'pro-life' groups, are completely untrue. The vaccines do not contain contraceptive vaccines or any other substance which interferes with fertility or pregnancy and their labelling accurately describes their actual contents. The false claims made by these groups have had an adverse impact on immunisation programmes in all four countries. /// Le tétanos néonatal est responsable d'une grande partie (jusqu'à un quart) de la mortalité des nouveau-nés dans de nombreux pays en développement. L'anatoxine tétanique fournie par l'OMS et l'UNICEF aux programmes de vaccination visant à prévenir ces décès est préparée et contrôlée selon des normes très strictes. Au Mexique, en Tanzanie, au Nicaragua, aux Philippines, on a fait récemment courir le bruit que l'OMS et l'UNICEF prenaient les femmes comme cobayes pour tester un vaccin contraceptif, administré sous l'étiquette de vaccin antitétanique. Ces rumeurs, qui émanent apparemment de groupes se qualifiant de "pour la vie", sont totalement fausses. Les vaccins antitétaniques ne contiennent aucune substance contraceptive ou ayant un effet quelconque sur la fécondité ou la grossesse, et leur étiquette correspond exactement à leur contenu. Les fausses assertions de ces groupes ont exercé un effet nocif sur des programmes de vaccination destinés à protéger les bébés du tétanos néonatal. /// El tétano neonatal es el causante de hasta un 25 por ciento de la mortalidad infantil en muchos países en desarrollo. Las vacunas de toxoide tetánico, suministradas a través de la OMS y de UNICEF para programas nacionales de inmunización dirigidos a evitar dichas muertes, son elaboradas y controladas bajo estrictas normas. Según rumores circulados en México, Tanzanía, Nicaragua y las Filipinas, dichas organizaciones estarían utilizando a las mujeres como conejillos de indias para probar una vacuna anticonceptiva, administrada veladamente en lugar de la vacuna de toxoide tetánico. Estos rumores, creados aparentemente por las llamadas agrupaciones "pro-vida", son completamente falsos. Las vacunas de toxoide tetánico no contienen vacunas anticonceptivas ni otras sustancias que interfieran con la fertilidad o el embarazo, y sus etiquetas describen fielmente su verdadero contenido. Las falsas acusaciones de esos grupos han tenido un impacto negativo en los programas de inmunización creados para proteger a los niños contra el tétano neonatal.http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/crops/23.genetically_modified_potato.html
Excerpt:
Phytophthora infestans, also: late blight Pathogen which causes potato late blight, the most serious fungal disease found in potatoes Phytophthora infestans causes global harvest losses of around 20 percent. The fungus initially attacks stems and leaves, causing grey-green blotches to appear, which later turn brown. It spreads via spores, which produce germ tubes to penetrate the plant tissue. Phytophthora is washed into the soil by rain, where it also infects the tubers. A single infected tuber is enough to destroy an entire crop. Phytophthora was introduced to Europe in the mid-19th century and became notorious for causing the catastrophic Irish famine of 1845, which resulted in two million Irish people emigrating to America and Australia. Phytophthora is still keeping plant breeders and researchers on their toes; it tenaciously evades all attempts to control it by constantly reinventing itself and forming new variants. Genetic engineers are also working on control strategies for Phytophthora. A potato that contains two resistance genes from a Mexican wild potato has been undergoing deliberate release trials in several European countries since 2006.More from GMO Safety |
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http://www.docstoc.com/docs/45455416/Dr-LEE-Jong-wook-Memorial-Prize-for-Public-Health--statutes
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