Excerpt:
The distinction between two-way asymmetric and two-way symmetric approaches to public relations was developed by James Grunig and Todd Hunt in their 1984 book Managing Public Relations and was subsequently promoted in Baskin and Aronoff's Public Relations: The Profession and the Practice and journal articles. However, it did not gain wide-spread attention until Grunig and his colleagues spotlighted it in the IABC Excellence Study in the early 1990s.
Two-way asymmetric public relations ...
employs social science methods to develop more persuasive communication;
generally focuses on achieving short-term attitude change;
incorporates lots of feedback from target audiences and publics;
is used by an organization primarily interested in having its publics come around to its way of thinking rather changing the organization, its policies, or its views.
Two-way symmetric public relations ...
focuses on mutual respect and efforts to achieve mutual understanding;
emphasizes negotiation and a willingness to adapt and make compromises;
requires organizations engaging in public relations to be willing to make significant adjustments in how they operate in order to accommodate their publics;
seems to be used more by non-profit organizations, government agencies, and heavily regulated businesses such as public utilities than by competitive, profit-driven companies.
The preliminary reports of the IABC Excellence Study published in 1992 as Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management edited by James Grunig suggested that virtually all companies which had reputations for excellent communication practices used the two-way symmetric approach. However, the final report which was cited in the 1997 PRSA Accreditation Guidebook includes Grunig's admission that many of today's most effective and most highly regarded public relations practitioners rely on two-way asymmetric techniques much more than symmetric ones.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Calio
Excerpt:
Nicholas E. Calio (born 10 January 1953) is Citigroup’s Executive Vice-President for Global Government Affairs. He is responsible for government relations for Citigroup and all of its subsidiaries.[1]
In 1971, Calio graduated from Charles F. Brush High School in Lyndhurst, OH. Calio received his undergraduate degree from Ohio Wesleyan University, graduating in 1975, and subsequently graduated from Case Western Reserve University School of Law.
He worked as President George H. W. Bush's Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs. In this role, he worked with members of Congress to create legislation. He also held the same position under George W. Bush.
Calio was one of the founders of the lobbying firm O'Brien Calio in 1993, where he was a partner. In 1998, he was named one of the ten most powerful lobbyists in Washington. Prior to this, he had served as the Vice-President of The Duberstein Group and the Senior Vice-President of the National Association of Wholesaler-Distributors.
In 2002, Calio was a member of the White House Iraq Group.
http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=The_Duberstein_Group
Excerpt:
The Duberstein Group is a Washington D.C. lobbying company. Its chairman and CEO is Kenneth M. Duberstein.
The Center for Public Integrity report that in 2004 the company revenues were $1.82 million. [1]
Personnel
Kenneth Duberstein, Chairman and CEOMike Berman, President
Clients
Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance AssociationExternal links
"The Duberstein Group Inc.", Center for Public Integrity, accesed September 2005.Jeffrey St. Clair, "The Monsanto Machine", Common Dreams, accessed September 2005. First published in the March 7, 1999 issue of In These Times.
"The Work and Ethics of Lobbyists", All Things Considered, NPR, January 9, 2006. (An interview with Mike Berman president of the Duberstein Group.
Kenneth Duberstein, Chairman and CEO
Excerpt:
Kenneth M. Duberstein
From SourceWatch
(Redirected from Kenneth Duberstein)
Kenneth M. Duberstein was "chief of staff to President Ronald Reagan (1988-89), and deputy chief of staff (1987). He served as the deputy assistant and then assistant to the president for legislative affairs (1981-83)".[1]"Duberstein's government service also included positions as deputy undersecretary of Labor during the Ford Administration and director of congressional and intergovernmental affairs at the U.S. General Services Administration. Mr. Duberstein has also held leadership positions in the private sector, as vice president at the Committee for Economic Development and at the governmental relations firm Timmons & Company," a biographical note states.[2]
Duberstein is Trustee Emeritus at the Hudson Institute[3]; has been a board member at Fannie Mae since 1998 and also serves on the boards of also serves as a director of The Boeing Company, Collegiate Funding Services, Inc., ConocoPhillips, Inc., Fleming Companies, Inc., and St. Paul Companies, Inc.[4]
He is also a trustee of the Brookings Institute and a member of Continuity of Government Committee (American Enterprise Institute/Brookings Institute) and a director of the National Endowment for Democracy.
He "has been Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of The Duberstein Group, Inc., an independent strategic planning and consulting company, since July 1989, a biographical note states.
Director, American Council for Capital Formation [1]
Contents[hide] |
'Sherpa' for White House nominees
Duberstein is one of the top lobbyists who has been given the role of shepherding Administartion nominees through the Congressing hearings and approval process. (The Washington jargon they are referred to as 'sherpas' after the Tibetan assistants for mountaineers).Duberstein has helped Clarence Thomas, George H.W. Bush's nominee for the Supreme Court as well as Supreme Court Justice David H. Souter, CIA Director Robert M. Gates and Secretary of State George P. Shultz. [5]
"There are several roles you play. You are the chief strategist for the ultimate goal of getting that person confirmed. You are also the traffic cop, because everybody wants to see the prospective nominee. You are a coach and you're also a confidant of the nominee. You are the chief liaison with the Hill, but also the chief liaison within the administration. You are an enforcer, but you are also a negotiator," he told Christopher Lee from the Washington Post.
Lee cited the 1994 book, Resurrection: The Confirmation of Clarence Thomas, of then-Sen. John C. Danforth (R-Mo.), who was also working with Duberstein on Thomas's nomination. Thomas's nomination was strongly contested after law professor Anita Hill accused Thomas of sexually harassing her when she worked for him in the 1980's.
"As Clarence walked past banks of cameras, Ken would say, 'Give them a thumbs up,' and Clarence would comply," Danforth wrote. "When advising Clarence not to respond to press questions, Ken suggested, 'Tell them, "I wish I could answer that." ' . . . He told Clarence that when he entered the Senate Caucus Room at the start of his first hearing, he should go up and shake hands with each member. He insisted that Clarence, against his will, conclude the first hearing by complimenting the committee for being fair." [6]
External links
"Board of Directors Kenneth M. Duberstein", Fannie Mae, accessed January 2005.Brookings Institute, "Brookings Elects Four New Trustees: Culvahouse, Duberstein, Pearl, Welters to Join Board, Media Release, May 23, 2002.
Christopher Lee, "Hill Veterans Light the Way for Nominee: 'Sherpas' Akin to Personal Coaches",
Washington Post, September 9, 2005.
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5139504
Excerpt:
The Work and Ethics of Lobbyists
Mike Berman, lecturer at American University's Public Affairs and Advocacy Institute, talks about what lobbyists do and what he teaches his students about the legal and ethical boundaries for lobbyists. Berman is also a well-known Washington lobbyist and president of the Duberstein Group.
Copyright © 2006 National Public Radio
Hired Guns: The City's 50 Top Lobbyists
Their weapons now are BlackBerries and cell phones. But connections, savvy, and fundraising clout are still the keys to the influence wielded by the city’s 50 top lobbyists.
By Kim Eisler Published Friday, June 01, 2007
Excerpts:
1) 13/14. Kenneth M. Duberstein and Michael Berman, the Duberstein Group. A prominent pairing of Republican and Democrat, the Duberstein Group models its practice after the company founded by William Timmons, Timmons & Company, of which Duberstein was vice president.
Duberstein, a top aide and final chief of staff to President Reagan, frequently helps the White House with judicial nominations and other appointments. Berman, a longtime organizer of Democratic national conventions, was a top aide to Senator and then Vice President Walter Mondale and a close adviser to Bill and Hillary Clinton.
Part of the in crowd at the Palm, Duberstein and Berman are fixtures in the lobby establishment, looking after the legislative and tax interests of BP, Comcast, General Motors, Time Warner, and more
2) Vin Weber, a former Minnesota congressman now perceived as one of the most influential Republican lobbyists, works for a relatively obscure consulting firm called Clark & Weinstock. But Clark & Weinstock is owned by Omnicom. Omnicom also owns Ketchum, a large PR firm, which owns the Washington Group, whose CEO is former congresswoman Susan Molinari. Omnicom also owns the giant PR firm Fleishman-Hillard as well as the Washington lobby company Porter Novelli.
British-based WPP owns three giant PR companies—Ogilvy, Burson-Marsteller, and Hill & Knowlton. Within that framework, the British now own such powerful lobby firms as Quinn Gillespie & Associates, Timmons & Company, and Wexler & Walker. Interpublic is the owner of one of Washington’s biggest lobby shops, Cassidy & Associates.
Excerpt:
Omnicom Group is the world's third-largest advertising conglomerate (behind Interpublic and WPP in billings). It has three global agency networks - BBDO Worldwide, DDB Worldwide, and TBWA Worldwide - and US agencies such as Goodby Silverstein & Partners, Chiat/Day and GSD&M. Like its competitors it also includes several direct marketing, media buying and public relations units such as Wolf-Olins and has a stake in online services firm Agency.com. Source [1]
Excerpt:
Conflicts of interest?
On October 29, 2005, two members of Pajamas Media's Editorial Board, Michael Barone and David Corn, appeared together on Fox News as journalists providing opposite viewpoints without identifying their shared business relationship in Pajamas Media.
Excerpt:
Barone is both a member of the advisory board and a blogger signed up with Pajamas Media.
Excerpt:
David Corn is the Washington bureau chief for Mother Jones magazine. He is the form er Washington editor of The Nation. He writes a blog for the Congressional Quarterly website. "He has broken stories on George W. Bush, George H.W. Bush, Newt Gingrich, Colin Powell, Rush Limbaugh, Enron, the Central Intelligence Agency, the CIA leak case, corruption in Iraq, Senator David Vitter, the Pentagon, and assorted Washington players and institutions."[1]
Corn has long been a prominent commentator on television and radio. He was a regular panelist on the weekly television show, Eye On Washington, which was syndicated on PBS stations across the United States.
Corn is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Brown University.[2]
Specific criticism
Corn's articles have provoked criticism from some. The specific criticisms relate to:
Corn's criticisms [3] of Greg Palast's articles on the Ohio vote count in the 2004 Presidential election provoked a dismissive response from Palast.[4];
Corn's dismissal of Forbidden Truth, a book written by two French journalists and published in the U.S. by the Nation Institute.[7]
In response to Corn's articles on these issues one critic wrote that Corn "has frequently served as a Neo-Con-lite version of someone who dismisses those who have investigated the crimes of the U.S. government".[10]
Excerpt:
Critics
Webb’s reporting on the CIA’s dealings with cocaine dealers was not without its critics. The Nation magazine contributor David Corn, while crediting him that "it is only because of Webb that US citizens have confirmation from the CIA that it partnered up with suspected drug traffickers in the just-say-no years and that the Reagan Administration, consumed with a desire to overthrow the Sandinistas in Nicaragua, allied itself with drug thugs," also criticized Webb for overstating the case and for not proving "his more cinematic allegations."[14]
Reason magazine’s Glenn Garvin was critical of Webb’s sources and of the evidence he presented. Garvin wrote that Webb’s evidence that the Contra leadership was selling cocaine is almost entirely drawn from the claims of a few Nicaraguan traffickers facing long jail terms, and argued that they were using the CIA as a convenient scapegoat. Garvin also wrote that every guerilla group, including the Mujahideen, FARC and Shining Path, has used the narcotics trade as a way of bolstering its funding efforts, and that far from the Contra-related drug trade being widespread it came down to a small handful of Contra pilots and their associates who were involved in narcotics. He also argued that while these covert narcotic relationships were alleged to be most rampant, the Contras had the least need for funds, as the United States was supplying them with millions of dollars a year in support.[15
Porter Novelli International is a PR and lobbying firm. It is part of the Omnicom Group of advertising and marketing companies.
Excerpt:
Staff
According to the firm's website, its leadership is composed of: [11]
Helen Ostrowski, CEO
Gary Stockman, PresidentAda Parr, Director, Global Network
Subsidiaries
Porter Novelli ScotlandClients
According to its website, Porter Novelli clients include: [12]American Legacy Foundation
Gillette
Pfizer Inc
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Wyeth
American Cancer Society
GlaxoSmithKline
Hewlett-Packard Company
Procter & Gamble
QUALCOMM
Other reports list the following as current or former clients: [13]
U.S. Department of Agriculture
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
M&M Mars
Campbell Soup Company
Dole Food Company
McDonald's
Snack Food Association
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Guinness stout
Johnnie Walker Scotch
National Cancer Institute
UK Clients and staff
Porter Novelli UK Clients, PRCA Yearbook 2004Porter Novelli Scotland, Clients, PRCA Yearbook 2004
Contact details
75 Varick Street, 6th floorNew York, NY 10013
USA
Phone: (212) 601-8439
Email: gloria.kestenbaum AT porternovelli.com
Web: http://www.porternovelli.com/
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