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Perhaps the most famous Italian bank was the Medici bank, set up by Giovanni Medici in 1397.[2]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rothschild_banking_family_of_Naples
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Involvement in finance and industry
Carl von Rothschild developed a good working relationship with Luigi de' Medici, the "Direttore della Segreteria di Azienda del Regno di Napoli" (Finance Minister), and his operation became the dominant banking house in Naples. As a result of Carl's success, the Rothschilds had a substantial banking presence in England and three other major European capitals, giving the family considerable influence and an advantage over their competitors. During the winter of 1826, Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, future King of the Belgians was a guest of Carl von Rothschild at his villa in Naples. In 1829, he was appointed consul-general of Sicily at Frankfurt and in January 1832 the Jewish banker was given a ribbon and star of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George at a ceremony with the new Roman Catholic Pope, Gregory XVI.
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/italy/florence/history
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In the 14th century Florence was ruled by a caucus of Guelphs under the leadership of the Albizi family. Among the families opposing them were the Medici, who substantially increased their clout when they became the papal bankers.
Cosimo il Vecchio (the Elder, also known simply as Cosimo de’Medici) emerged as head of the opposition to the Albizi in the 15th century and became Florence’s ruler. His eye for talent saw a whole constellation of artists such as Alberti, Brunelleschi, Lorenzo Ghiberti, Donatello, Fra Angelico and Fra Filippo Lippi flourish.
The rule of Lorenzo il Magnifico (1469–92), Cosimo’s grandson, ushered in the most glorious period of Florentine civilisation and of the Italian Renaissance. His court fostered a flowering of art, music and poetry, turning Florence into Italy’s cultural capital. Not long before Lorenzo’s death, the Medici bank failed and the family was driven out of Florence. The city fell under the control of Savonarola, a Dominican monk who led a puritanical republic, burning the city’s wealth on his ‘bonfire of vanities’. But his lure was short-lived and after falling from favour he was tried as a heretic and executed in 1498.
http://www.economist.com/node/347333
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Set up in 1397 by Giovanni di Bicci de’ Medici, who had managed a bank in Rome before moving to Florence, the Medici bank lasted until 1494, when it collapsed, a victim of depression, internal strife and French aggression. Until its declining days, the power it wielded within Europe foreshadowed that wielded by the Rothschilds 400 years later. And, happily, the bank kept good records.
http://www.pbs.org/empires/medici/medici/bankers.html
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The Medici created a lucrative partnership with another medieval power, the Catholic Church. In what had to be one of the most ingenious enterprises of all time, the Medici bank collected 10% of your earnings for the Church. If you couldn't pay, you faced excommunication - a one-way ticket to hell.
The Pope himself had a massive overdraft, and the Medici bank became the most profitable business in Europe. By 1434, half the bank's revenue came from the Rome “branch”, which was in fact little more than a mobile bank that followed the Pope around the world.
Papal connections gave the Medici bank immense power, soon everyone wanted an account with the Pope's personal bank. On one occasion the nomination of a new bishop was “delayed”, until his father - a Cardinal - had repaid their debts to the Medici bank.
And the Medici kept ahead of their banking rivals because of the invention of limited liability. Giovanni di Bicci had set up a franchise system, where regional branch managers shared a stake in the business. Giovanni also banned loans to princes and kings, who were notoriously bad investments.
Consequentially, the Medici business remained in the black while its competitors lost fortunes.
http://www.pbs.org/empires/medici/medici/bankers.html
Excerpt:
The Medici created a lucrative partnership with another medieval power, the Catholic Church. In what had to be one of the most ingenious enterprises of all time, the Medici bank collected 10% of your earnings for the Church. If you couldn't pay, you faced excommunication - a one-way ticket to hell.
The Pope himself had a massive overdraft, and the Medici bank became the most profitable business in Europe. By 1434, half the bank's revenue came from the Rome “branch”, which was in fact little more than a mobile bank that followed the Pope around the world.
Papal connections gave the Medici bank immense power, soon everyone wanted an account with the Pope's personal bank. On one occasion the nomination of a new bishop was “delayed”, until his father - a Cardinal - had repaid their debts to the Medici bank.
And the Medici kept ahead of their banking rivals because of the invention of limited liability. Giovanni di Bicci had set up a franchise system, where regional branch managers shared a stake in the business. Giovanni also banned loans to princes and kings, who were notoriously bad investments.
Consequentially, the Medici business remained in the black while its competitors lost fortunes.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_popes_from_the_Medici_family
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The Medici were a powerful and influential Florentine family from the 13th to 17th century. The family produced four popes:
- Pope Leo X, born Giovanni de' Medici (December 11, 1475 – December 1, 1521) was Pope from 1513 to his death.
- Pope Clement VII (May 26, 1478 – September 25, 1534), born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was a cardinal from 1513 to 1523 and was Pope from 1523 to 1534.
- Pope Pius IV (March 31, 1499 – December 9, 1565), born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 1559 to 1565.
- Pope Leo XI (June 2, 1535 – April 27, 1605), born Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, was Pope from April 1, 1605 to April 27 of the same year.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_historical_figures
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De' Medici
The de' Medici family of Florence is one of the most illustrious noble families in European history, and were the hereditary holders of the titles of Grand Duke of Tuscany, Duke of Florence and Duke of Urbino, and married into still more. Other family members held singularly prominent positions, namely Pope Clement VII, Pope Leo X, Ippolito Cardinale de' Medici, Catherine de Medici, Queen of France, wife of Henri II- who had an equally famous mistress in Diane de Poitiers (who was distantly related to Catherine) and Marie de' Medici, Queen of France and of Navarre.
Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici founded the family's bank and supported the return of the papacy to Rome, which occurred in 1410. He was rewarded for his efforts with the position of personal banker to the papacy, several tax contracts and alum mines, all of which firmly established both the family's fortune and political influence. His son Cosimo would expand the bank, allowing the family fortune to grow to 122,669 Florin by 1457. Cosimo's influence had become so great that he acted as de facto ruler of Florence despite holding no elected office. However by 1481, city tax records show that the family fortune had plummeted to 57,930 Florin under the direction of Lorenzo, who made for a better politician and diplomat than banker.[3]
http://wikicompany.org/wiki/911:Black_nobility
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Medici
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http://www.houseofnames.com/cipriani-coat-of-arms
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http://www.houseofnames.com/wiki/Renaissance
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medici_Bank
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The Medici Bank (1397–1494) was a financial institution created by the Medici family in Italy during the 15th century. It was the largest and most respected bank in Europe during its prime.[1] There are some estimates that the Medici family was, for a period of time, the wealthiest family in Europe. Estimating their wealth in today's money is difficult and imprecise, considering that they owned art, land, and gold. With this monetary wealth, the family acquired political power initially in Florence, and later in the wider spheres of Italy and Europe.
A notable contribution to the profession of accounting was the improvement of the general ledger system through the development of the double entry system of tracking credits and debits.[2]
Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici was the first Medici to enter banking on his own, and while he became influential in the Florentine government, it was not until his son Cosimo the Elder took over in 1434 as gran maestro that the Medici became the unofficial head of state of the Florentine republic.
http://poway.patch.com/articles/memorial-held-for-sdpd-detectives-daughter-and-new-spreckles-drama
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1. Donna Williams, an SDPD detective, and her 18-year-old daughter Breanna were found dead early Monday morning, allegedly at the hand of her son Brian who is now in custody. Williams was a 31-year veteran of the SDPD in the child abuse unit. Friends of Williams’ daughter held a small memorial at Canyonside Park yesterday afternoon.
http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/jul/19/family-speaks-out-about-slayings-mom-daughter/
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http://www.myfoxphoenix.com/dpp/news/crime/cali.-reports-valley-ceos-son-has-died-07162011
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Police Say CEO's Son is Still Alive
Other sources say the 6-year-old has died
Updated: Saturday, 16 Jul 2011, 9:36 PM MST
Published : Saturday, 16 Jul 2011, 5:29 PM MST
Published : Saturday, 16 Jul 2011, 5:29 PM MST
CORONADO ISLAND, Calif. - There is plenty of confusion about the bizarre case involving a Scottsdale billionaire and a death in an upscale Coronado mansion.
Jonah Shacknai, CEO of Scottsdale company Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp., lost his girlfriend on Wednesday in what police called a suspicious death.
Rebecca Zahau’s body was found naked and hanging from a balcony, with her feet and hands bound, in Shacknai’s Calif. mansion.
Two days before her death, Shacknai’s 6-year-old son was seriously injured at the mansion, possibly from falling down stairs.
Rumors on Saturday -- including a Facebook post from the boy's teenage sister -- indicated that Shacknai's son had died.
San Diego TV station XETV Channel 6 was one of the several media outlets in San Diego that reported on Saturday that the child, Max Shacknai, has died.
A Rady Children's Hospital spokesman said he could not confirm the broadcast reports that the boy was brain dead. He cited privacy laws related to medical records.
Shacknai's family has not confirmed the boy’s death.
Late Saturday evening, the Coronado Police Department and the San Diego County Medical Examiner's Office said the rumors are false and that the boy is still alive at the hospital.
According to XETV, Jonah and his ex-wife, Dina Shacknai, were at the boy's bedside on Saturday, while doctors arranged to have his organs donated.
Investigators are not releasing autopsy results on Shacknai's girlfriend until they receive the results of toxicology reports. Deputies are investigating the 32-year-old's death as a homicide or suicide.
Scottsdale resident Barbara Graham said she was "shocked that his name came up in something so bizarre.”
Graham owned stock in Medicis and is familiar with Shacknai. Like so many others, she is looking for answers.
“It's just so strange. I can't wait to hear what all this is about,” she said.
But police are releasing little to no information. On Friday night investigators executed a second search warrant -- but that, along with other evidence, is sealed.
More information is expected to be released on Monday.
Read More: XETV San Diego
http://news.yahoo.com/girlfriend-pharmaceutical-exec-found-dead-home-182203862.html
Excerpt:
Jonah Shacknai, CEO of Scottsdale company Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp., lost his girlfriend on Wednesday in what police called a suspicious death.
Rebecca Zahau’s body was found naked and hanging from a balcony, with her feet and hands bound, in Shacknai’s Calif. mansion.
Two days before her death, Shacknai’s 6-year-old son was seriously injured at the mansion, possibly from falling down stairs.
Rumors on Saturday -- including a Facebook post from the boy's teenage sister -- indicated that Shacknai's son had died.
San Diego TV station XETV Channel 6 was one of the several media outlets in San Diego that reported on Saturday that the child, Max Shacknai, has died.
A Rady Children's Hospital spokesman said he could not confirm the broadcast reports that the boy was brain dead. He cited privacy laws related to medical records.
Shacknai's family has not confirmed the boy’s death.
Late Saturday evening, the Coronado Police Department and the San Diego County Medical Examiner's Office said the rumors are false and that the boy is still alive at the hospital.
According to XETV, Jonah and his ex-wife, Dina Shacknai, were at the boy's bedside on Saturday, while doctors arranged to have his organs donated.
Investigators are not releasing autopsy results on Shacknai's girlfriend until they receive the results of toxicology reports. Deputies are investigating the 32-year-old's death as a homicide or suicide.
Scottsdale resident Barbara Graham said she was "shocked that his name came up in something so bizarre.”
Graham owned stock in Medicis and is familiar with Shacknai. Like so many others, she is looking for answers.
“It's just so strange. I can't wait to hear what all this is about,” she said.
But police are releasing little to no information. On Friday night investigators executed a second search warrant -- but that, along with other evidence, is sealed.
More information is expected to be released on Monday.
Read More: XETV San Diego
http://news.yahoo.com/girlfriend-pharmaceutical-exec-found-dead-home-182203862.html
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Land records show that Shacknai, whose Scottsdale, Arizona-based company is maker of the acne treatment Solodyn and wrinkle-filler Restylane, purchased the landmark property known as the Spreckels Mansion several months ago.
http://www.kpho.com/story/15079353/questions-linger-in-death-at-calif-home-of-valley-tycoon?redirected=true
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Posted: Jul 13, 2011 10:37 PM MST Updated: Jul 15, 2011 10:48 PM MST
http://www.kpho.com/story/15079353/questions-linger-in-death-at-calif-home-of-valley-tycoon?redirected=true
Excerpt:
Posted: Jul 13, 2011 10:37 PM MST Updated: Jul 15, 2011 10:48 PM MST
SCOTTSDALE, AZ (KPHO) -
California authorities are awaiting autopsy results in the death of a 32-year-old woman at a well-known San Diego area mansion owned by an Arizona tycoon.
The victim was 32-year-old Rebecca Zahua, according to Sgt. Roy Frank, of the San Diego Sheriff's Department. She was found lying in a courtyard of the Coronado home early Wednesday morning.
Zahua is the girlfriend of the mansion's owner, Arizona pharmaceutical tycoon Jonah Shacknai.
"[It was a] violent death," said Capt. Tim Curran of the San Diego Sheriff's Department. Curran said it's still not known if Zahua was a crime victim or if it was a suicide.
Aerial video taken above the home showed the naked body of a woman lying on her back. Her feet appeared to be bound. There also appeared to be some sort of rope around one of her wrists.
Officials said Shacknai's brother Adam called police. He was the only one home at the time of Zahua's death.
Investigators said she was a "house guest" at the home. They also said they are questioning everyone connected to the home, but that they're being treated as witnesses, not suspects.
Neighbors said he was spending the summer in the home with his girlfriend and his children.
Two days prior, police responded to the same oceanfront home after a young boy was seriously injured. CBS 5 News has learned the incident involved the six-year-old son of Shacknai and his ex-wife Dina, who also has a home in Coronado.
CBS 5 News has learned that Coronado police served a search warrant at the house Friday evening. Coronado police are handling the investigation into the boy's fall. The Sheriff's office is handling the investigation into Zahua's death.
Police said the boy fell down the stairs. Friends of the family said he was in a medically-induced coma.
On Friday, a Shacknai family member posted a picture of 6-year-old Max Shacknai, saying, "rest in peace."
At last word, authorities said the child was still at the hospital.
It is unclear at this point if the boy's fall and the woman's death are related. That's something officials said they're looking into.
Prominent San Diego attorney Paul Pfingst was seen at the mansion last night. He confirmed he was representing someone associated with the house, but said that person is not Jonah Shacknai.
The 27-room mansion was originally owned by the former owner of the Hotel del Coronado. Records show Shacknai purchased it in 2007 for $12.7 million.
Shacknai's Scottsdale-based company, Medicis, released a statement saying, "The Medicis family is deeply saddened to learn of a tragic incident at a California property owned by Jonah Shacknai. Our thoughts are with Jonah and his family."
http://www.bnet.com/blog/drug-business/if-probe-of-shacknai-deaths-lingers-medicis-may-contemplate-life-without-its-ceo/9201
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The longer the investigation into the deaths of Medicis (MRX) CEO Jonah Shacknai’s son and girlfriend goes on, the more of a media circus it becomes — and the more pressure Medicis’ board will come under to ask Shacknai to step aside.
http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=MRX
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzino_de'_Medici
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Lorenzino de' Medici (March 23, 1514 – February 26, 1548), sometimes called Lorenzaccio de' Medici, was an Italian writer remembered primarily as the assassin of Alessandro de' Medici, duke and ruler of Florence.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_of_Toledo
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http://www.pbs.org/empires/medici/medici/bankers.html
Excerpt:
The Medici created a lucrative partnership with another medieval power, the Catholic Church. In what had to be one of the most ingenious enterprises of all time, the Medici bank collected 10% of your earnings for the Church. If you couldn't pay, you faced excommunication - a one-way ticket to hell.The Pope himself had a massive overdraft, and the Medici bank became the most profitable business in Europe. By 1434, half the bank's revenue came from the Rome “branch”, which was in fact little more than a mobile bank that followed the Pope around the world.
Papal connections gave the Medici bank immense power, soon everyone wanted an account with the Pope's personal bank. On one occasion the nomination of a new bishop was “delayed”, until his father - a Cardinal - had repaid their debts to the Medici bank.
And the Medici kept ahead of their banking rivals because of the invention of limited liability. Giovanni di Bicci had set up a franchise system, where regional branch managers shared a stake in the business. Giovanni also banned loans to princes and kings, who were notoriously bad investments.
Consequentially, the Medici business remained in the black while its competitors lost fortunes.
Next: Losing Face
http://www.bnet.com/blog/drug-business/if-probe-of-shacknai-deaths-lingers-medicis-may-contemplate-life-without-its-ceo/9201
Excerpt:
If Probe of Shacknai Deaths Lingers, Medicis May Contemplate Life Without Its CEO
By Jim Edwards | July 22, 2011
The longer the investigation into the deaths of Medicis (MRX) CEO Jonah Shacknai’s son and girlfriend goes on, the more of a media circus it becomes — and the more pressure Medicis’ board will come under to ask Shacknai to step aside.http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=MRX
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzino_de'_Medici
Excerpt:
Lorenzino de' Medici (March 23, 1514 – February 26, 1548), sometimes called Lorenzaccio de' Medici, was an Italian writer remembered primarily as the assassin of Alessandro de' Medici, duke and ruler of Florence.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_of_Toledo
Excerpt:
http://www.pbs.org/empires/medici/medici/bankers.html
Excerpt:
The Medici created a lucrative partnership with another medieval power, the Catholic Church. In what had to be one of the most ingenious enterprises of all time, the Medici bank collected 10% of your earnings for the Church. If you couldn't pay, you faced excommunication - a one-way ticket to hell.The Pope himself had a massive overdraft, and the Medici bank became the most profitable business in Europe. By 1434, half the bank's revenue came from the Rome “branch”, which was in fact little more than a mobile bank that followed the Pope around the world.
Papal connections gave the Medici bank immense power, soon everyone wanted an account with the Pope's personal bank. On one occasion the nomination of a new bishop was “delayed”, until his father - a Cardinal - had repaid their debts to the Medici bank.
And the Medici kept ahead of their banking rivals because of the invention of limited liability. Giovanni di Bicci had set up a franchise system, where regional branch managers shared a stake in the business. Giovanni also banned loans to princes and kings, who were notoriously bad investments.
Consequentially, the Medici business remained in the black while its competitors lost fortunes.
Next: Losing Face
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