Excerpt:
Functions
The main functions of peripheral vision are[1]:
- recognition of well-known structures and forms with no need to focus by the foveal line of sight.
- identification of similar forms and movements (Gestalt psychology laws)
- delivery of sensations which form the background of detailed visual perception.
Excerpt:
Gestalt theory
Main article: Gestalt psychology
Gestalt psychologists working primarily in the 1930s and 1940s raised many of the research questions that are studied by vision scientists today.The Gestalt Laws of Organization have guided the study of how people perceive visual components as organized patterns or wholes, instead of many different parts. Gestalt is a German word that partially translates to "configuration or pattern" along with "whole or emergent structure." According to this theory, there are six main factors that determine how the visual system automatically groups elements into patterns: Proximity, Similarity, Closure, Symmetry, Common Fate (i.e. common motion), and Continuity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ
Excerpt:
History
It was founded in 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), who divested themselves of it in a series of sales in 2000 and 2001. It is owned and operated by the NASDAQ OMX Group, the stock of which was listed on its own stock exchange beginning July 2, 2002, under the ticker symbol NASDAQ: NDAQ. It is regulated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA).
With the incomplete purchase of the Nordic-based operated exchange OMX, following its disagreement with Borse Dubai, NASDAQ is poised to capture 67% of the controlling stake in the aforementioned exchange, thereby inching ever closer to taking over the company and creating a trans-atlantic powerhouse. The group, now known as Nasdaq-OMX, controls and operates the NASDAQ stock exchange in New York City – the second largest exchange in the United States. It also operates eight stock exchanges in Europe and holds one-third of the NASDAQ Dubai stock exchange. It has a double-listing agreement with OMX, and will compete with NYSE Euronext group in attracting new listings.
When the NASDAQ stock exchange began trading on February 8, 1971, it was the world's first electronic stock market. At first, it was merely a computer bulletin board system and did not actually connect buyers and sellers. The NASDAQ helped lower the spread (the difference between the bid price and the ask price of the stock) but somewhat paradoxically was unpopular among brokerages because they made much of their money on the spread.
NASDAQ was the successor to the over-the-counter (OTC) system of trading. As late as 1987, the NASDAQ exchange was still commonly referred to as the OTC in media and also in the monthly Stock Guides issued by Standard & Poor's Corporation.
http://blogs.reuters.com/reuters-dealzone/page/3/
Excerpt:
Borse Dubai owns nearly 21 percent of LSE stock and the Qataris hold 15.1 percent, Thomson Reuters data shows, making the investors easily the largest shareholders in the London exchange and key decision-makers in its future.
http://article.wn.com/view/2011/06/03/TMX_Group_London_Stock_Exchange_Group_Proposed_Merger_Receiv/
Excerpt:History
It was founded in 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), who divested themselves of it in a series of sales in 2000 and 2001. It is owned and operated by the NASDAQ OMX Group, the stock of which was listed on its own stock exchange beginning July 2, 2002, under the ticker symbol NASDAQ: NDAQ. It is regulated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA).
With the incomplete purchase of the Nordic-based operated exchange OMX, following its disagreement with Borse Dubai, NASDAQ is poised to capture 67% of the controlling stake in the aforementioned exchange, thereby inching ever closer to taking over the company and creating a trans-atlantic powerhouse. The group, now known as Nasdaq-OMX, controls and operates the NASDAQ stock exchange in New York City – the second largest exchange in the United States. It also operates eight stock exchanges in Europe and holds one-third of the NASDAQ Dubai stock exchange. It has a double-listing agreement with OMX, and will compete with NYSE Euronext group in attracting new listings.
When the NASDAQ stock exchange began trading on February 8, 1971, it was the world's first electronic stock market. At first, it was merely a computer bulletin board system and did not actually connect buyers and sellers. The NASDAQ helped lower the spread (the difference between the bid price and the ask price of the stock) but somewhat paradoxically was unpopular among brokerages because they made much of their money on the spread.
NASDAQ was the successor to the over-the-counter (OTC) system of trading. As late as 1987, the NASDAQ exchange was still commonly referred to as the OTC in media and also in the monthly Stock Guides issued by Standard & Poor's Corporation.
http://blogs.reuters.com/reuters-dealzone/page/3/
Excerpt:
Borse Dubai owns nearly 21 percent of LSE stock and the Qataris hold 15.1 percent, Thomson Reuters data shows, making the investors easily the largest shareholders in the London exchange and key decision-makers in its future.
http://article.wn.com/view/2011/06/03/TMX_Group_London_Stock_Exchange_Group_Proposed_Merger_Receiv/
http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/June2011/03/c2479.html
Excerpt:
X Group - London Stock Exchange Group Proposed Merger Receives Clearance from Competition Bureau
TORONTO, LONDON, June 3, 2011 /CNW/ - TMX Group Inc. and London Stock Exchange Group plc today announced that the Canadian Commissioner of Competition has issued a "no action letter" in connection with their proposed merger, confirming that she does not intend to challenge the transaction.
The issuance of the no action letter satisfies a condition of the merger agreement dated February 9, 2011 that Competition Act (Canada) clearance be obtained. More information about the TMX-LSE merger is available at http://www.ltmxgroup.com/.
About TMX Group (TSX-X)
TMX Group's key subsidiaries operate cash and derivative markets for multiple asset classes including equities, fixed income and energy. Toronto Stock Exchange, TSX Venture Exchange, Montreal Exchange, Canadian Derivatives Clearing Corporation, Natural Gas Exchange, Boston Options Exchange (BOX), Shorcan, Shorcan Energy, Equicom and other TMX Group companies provide listing markets, trading markets, clearing facilities, data products and other services to the global financial community. TMX Group is headquartered in Toronto and operates offices across Canada (Montreal, Calgary and Vancouver), in key U.S. markets (Houston, Boston and Chicago) as well as in London. For more information about TMX Group, visit our website at http://www.tmx.com/.
About London Stock Exchange Group plc (LSE.L)
London Stock Exchange Group plc sits at the heart of the world's financial community. LSEG operates a broad range of international equity, bond and derivatives markets, including the London Stock Exchange; Borsa Italiana; MTS, Europe's leading fixed income market; and Turquoise, offering pan-European and US lit and dark equity trading. Through its markets, LSEG offers international business unrivalled access to Europe's capital markets.
LSEG is a leading developer of high-performance trading platforms and capital markets software and also offers its customers around the world an extensive range of real-time and reference data products and market-leading post-trade services.
Headquartered in London and with significant operations in Italy and Sri Lanka, LSEG employs approximately 1,500 people. Further information on LSEG can be found at http://www.londonstockexchangegroup.com/
2011-05-16: New York/Frankfurt - The retreat Monday by US technology stock index Nasdaq from its takeover bid for the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) has cleared the way for Deutsche Boerse to push forward with its fusion plans. Nasdaq and its partner IntercontinentalExchange (ICE) withdrew after advice from US competition regulators. 'We took the decision to withdraw our offer when it became clear that we would not be successful in securing regulatory approval for our proposal despite offering a variety of substantial remedies,' said NASDAQ OMX chief Bob Greifeld. Nasdaq's hostile offer for NYSE had endangered the mooted... more »
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borse_Dubai
Excerpt:
Borse Dubai is a stock exchange in the United Arab Emirates.
It is the holding company for Dubai Financial Market (DFM) and NASDAQ Dubai (formerly known as DIFX). Borse Dubai was created 6 August 2007 to consolidate the Government of Dubai’s two stock exchanges as well as current investments in other exchanges, expanding Dubai’s position as a global capital market hub.
Borse Dubai’s growth mandate is extracted from the 2015 Dubai Strategic Plan which has defined financial services and capital markets as a key focus area to support the development and growth of regional capital markets to the highest international standards. This is complemented with Dubai’s strong heritage of building global leaders in selected industries.
In September 2007, Borse Dubai secured 28% of the London Stock Exchange as part of a wider deal with the US-based Nasdaq designed to settle their long-running battle for control of the Stockholm-based exchanges and telecommunications operator OMX. However, the move enraged the Qatar Investment Authority, which believed it was close to clinching a deal to buy much of the LSE stake for itself.[1] Following completion of the Nasdaq OMX deal, Borse Dubai now holds 19.99% of the holding company's stock. It has obtained a Congressional license to do so, as well as being approved by the SEC.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Securities_Dealers
Excerpt:
Criticism
According to a study by Deborah G. Heilizer and Brian L. Rubin, both partners in Washington with Sutherland Asbill & Brennan LLP, regulators with NASD and NYSE Regulation (now collectively known as FINRA) obtained supersized fines (i.e., fines over US$1 million) in 35 actions taken in 2005. In 2006, that number dropped to 19. And the number of enforcement actions over US$5 million also fell. In 2005, there were seven such actions as opposed to three in 2006. According to the written report, the “data suggest that securities regulators may have retrenched their efforts to regulate through the use of novel theories.”[7]
FINRA levied fines against financial firms totaling US$40 million in 2008, according to a
Wall Street Journal analysis. That was the third straight annual decline in fines levied by FINRA or one of its predecessor agencies. The total was 73% below the US$148.5 million in fines collected in 2005.[8] According to FINRA, the fines levied in 2009 were nearly $50 million.[9]
In March 2010, Project on Government Oversight (POGO), a non-profit watchdog organization, wrote a letter to Congress criticizing FINRA and other self-regulatory organizations for what POGO described as a failure to adequately regulate the financial sector. POGO claimed that FINRA and other SROs are unable to regulate effectively due to their close ties with the securities industry that they are supposed to regulate; for example, Bernard Madoff was vice-chairman of NASD, FINRA's predecessor, while he was running his ponzi scheme, his son was on the National Adjudicatory Council whose job it was to review FINRA's disciplinary decisions, and his niece was a member of a compliance advisory committee of FINRA. POGO also attacked FINRA's multi-million dollar executive compensation packages, failure to warn other investors about the imminent collapse of the auction rate securities market despite having liquidated its own investment in the market, spending of large amounts of money and resources on advertising and campaigning in an attempt to gain more power, and the higher transaction costs to investors that are created when an industry regulates itself.[10][11]
According to POGO, FINRA has an "abysmal record of protecting the investing public", incestuous ties to the very industry it is supposed to be overseeing, "was asleep at the wheel for most of the major securities industry scandals dating back to the 1980's," and "took a hands-off approach to regulating many of the larger firms that" collapsed, engendering "the financial crisis, including Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers, and Merrill Lynch" ... and also failed to detect Bernie Madoff's US$65 billion Ponzi scheme. "Yet despite its countless regulatory failures leading up to the financial meltdown, FINRAS's board has repeatedly approved outrageous seven-figure compensation packages for its top executives."[12]
http://money.cnn.com/2011/07/11/markets/markets_newyork/index.htm
Excerpt:
The selling was broad, with all 30 Dow stocks in the red. Shares of Bank of America (BAC, Fortune 500) and JPMorgan (JPM, Fortune 500), along with Hewlett Packard (HPQ, Fortune 500), were among the worst performers on the blue chip index.
http://www.sourcewatch.info/Info/WWW12609.htm
Excerpt:
It Ain't Necessarily So
How the Media Remake Our Picture of Reality
Murray, David; Schwartz, Joel; Lichter, S. Robert
Publisher: Penguin Books, New York, USAYear Published: 2002 First Published: 2001
Pages: 266pp Price: 22.00 ISBN: 0-14-200146-5
Library of Congress Number: PN4784.T3 M87 2001 Dewey: 070.4'495-dc21
Resource Type: Book
Looks at the confusion and inaccuracies surrounding media reporting of scientific studies, surveys and statistics.
No comments:
Post a Comment